江苏省2012年普通高等学校
专转本选拔考试 B
英 语 试题卷(二年级)
(非英语类专业)
注意事项:
1. 本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分,试题卷共10页。全卷满分150分,考试时间120 分钟。
2. 必须在答题卡上作答,作答在试题卷上无效。作答前务必将自己的姓名和准考证号准确清晰地填写在试题卷和答题卡上指定的位置。
3. 考试结束时,须将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
Part I Reading Comprehension (共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans’ lack of desire for privacy. They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences; they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first; they leave their doors open while they work.
Their lack of desire for privacy probably results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling in the land. They depended upon each other.
From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways: there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think this is rude. Help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become accustomed to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences.
1. According to the passage, visitors to America sometimes have trouble understanding _____.
A. Americans’ obvious desire for privacy
B. Americans’ lack of desire for privacy
C. Americans’ way of life
D. Americans’ style of buildings without walls
2. Which of the following is true?
A. People walled their yards and homes with fences.
B. The early settlers needed neighbors’ help very much.
C. People get used to American openness.
D. The settlers in the early years refused neighbors by doors and fences.
3. During the early years, people were never shut out by doors because __________.
A. they were neighbors B. they were friends
C. they depended upon each other D. they got accustomed to that friendship
4. Visitors will notice Americans’ desire for openness in a way: ____________.
A. they walled their houses with glass
B. they leave the office doors open while working
C. they never have fences around their yards or homes
D. they depended upon each other
5. The best title for the passage would be _______.
A. A Nation with No Walled Cities
B. The Early Settlers Were Needed Very Much
C. Americans’ Lack of Desire for Privacy
D. Be Patient with Differences
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Someone said to a man, “Travel and see the world.” He answered, “Why should I? People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die. They have the same feelings. They feel love and hate, happiness and sadness, security and fear, pride and shame. This is why I do not want to travel. I can learn everything here. I’m going to stay at home.”
The man was right. He was also wrong. People are the same, but people are also different. They all have the same pattern of life — birth, youth, old age, death. But these stages of life have different values in different cultures. Also, while all people have the same feelings, the causes of these feelings are different. A situation that may bring happiness in one place may not bring happiness in another place.
For example, in many countries, old age is a happy time. In Korea, old people are honored and respected. When they become sixty-one years old, it is a very happy and important event. There is a big party with many guests. They receive many gifts. When people reach this time in life, the attitudes of their family and their community change toward them. Everyone looks forward to this time.
In the United States, it is quite different for old people. Most old people do not live with their children or relatives. For many North Americans, old age is not a happy time. Most North Americans want to stay young. They try to act like young people as long as possible. They even try to speak the language of the young. They do not like to grow old because they will not get honor or respect or attention. Also, businesses do not want old people to work for them. So, old people usually live alone and they do not have many things to do. Old age can be a sad and lonely time for them.
6. The reason why the man did not have the intention of traveling was that _____________.
A. he thought he knew about people in other places
B. he was too old to travel any more
C. he could not understand people in other countries since he was deaf
D. he preferred to stay home to enjoy his leisure time
7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. People all over the world are the same, but they are also different.
B. Different values are reflected in different stages of life in different cultures.
C. People react differently to the same situation.
D. The reasons for the same feelings are also the same in different cultures.
8. In Korea, people ______________.
A. think being young is the same as being old
B. are afraid of old age
C. are longing for old age
D. value their youth most
9. Compared with American old people, the old in Korea ____________.
A. enjoy living alone and supporting themselves
B. can lead an honored and respected life
C. can act like the young
D. are not respected and do not receive due attention
10. The word “businesses” in Paragraph 4 means _____________.
A. managers or employers B. consumers
C. shops or firms D. busy people
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.
Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates (硝酸盐), commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives (添加剂) caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct.
Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
11. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Drug and Food B. Cancer and Health
C. Food and Health D. Health and Drug
12. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.
B. Additives are given to the living animals.
C. Potential danger of food additives is a new discovery.
D. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
13. How has science done something harmful to mankind?
A. It has virtually eliminated diseases caused by food additives.
B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
C. It enables some potentially harmful substances to be added to food.
D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.
14. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals ________.
A. because these animals are ill
B. because a higher price can be obtained
C. because it is necessary for research
D. because these animals will become fatter.
15. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Illness is related to the food we eat.
B. Food additives may cause cancer.
C. Nitrates are used to preserve color in meats.
D. Processed food can’t be harmful.
Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Decades ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife’s previous marriage, or the husband’s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.
Thus, one can find various types of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children only from the present marriage; marriages with “full-time” children from the present marriage and “part-time” children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.
16. By calling Americans a marrying people the author means that ___________.
A. Americans are more traditional than Europeans
B. Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans
C. there are more married couples in USA than in Europe
D. compared with Europeans, Americans prefer marriage and accept it at a younger age
17. In the passage, the author indicates that divorced Americans_____________.
A. will most likely remarry B. prefer the way they live
C. have lost faith in marriage D. are the vast majority of people in the society
18. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today’s American families?
A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.
B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.
C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before.
D. There are no nuclear families any more.
19. We can learn from the passage that “part-time” children ____________.
A. spend some of their time with their half-brothers or their half-sisters
B. spend all of their time with one parent from the latter marriage
C. are shared between the two former spouses
D. cannot stay with “full-time” children
20. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, ________.
A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged
B. most Americans prefer a second marriage
C. most Americans still prefer not to remarry
D. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题,每小题1分,共40分)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
21. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering B. All things considered
C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered
22. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all
week.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
23. “Shall we go to the restaurant opposite the cinema for dinner?”
“No, it’s the _____ place I’d like to go to.”
A. worst B. best C. final D. last
24. If _______, I would have gone shopping with her yesterday.
A. had she asked me B. she had asked me
C. she has asked me D. she would ask me
25. Although the causes of some cancers _____, we can not yet find effective ways to prevent them.
A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering D. have been uncovered
26. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. will be given
C. has been given D. gives
27. It half a year since we to study in this university.
A. is; come B. is; have come
C. has been; came D. has been; have come
28. My uncle couldn’t remember ______ the article the day before yesterday.
A. reading B. to have read C. to read D. to reading
29. It is important that the old couple ____ their reservation before Friday.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
30. The party, my grandfather was invited, was extremely enjoyable.
A. by which B. for which C. of which D. to which
31. Those students have to practice ______ times before they can pass the test.
A. many more B. more often C. more many D. more several
32. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine ______.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. thus directed
33. Not only _______ about the food, she also refused to pay for it.
A. did the customer complain B. the customer complained
C. when the customer complain D. the customer did complain
34. _____ dog was the first animal to be domesticated is generally agreed upon by authorities in
the field.
A. Until the B. The C. It was the D. That the
35. Staying in a hotel costs ______ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.
A. twice more than B. as much twice as
C. twice as much as D. as much as twice
36. It is only when you nearly lose someone fully _______ conscious of how much you value him.
A. do you become B. then you become
C. that you become D. have you become
37. Since they are not answering the telephone, they________.
A. must have left B. need have left
C. should have left D. can have left
38. They always give the available seats to comes first.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whom
39. Your hair wants ____ . You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
40. Since the flight has been canceled because of the bad weather, we go by train.
A. ought to have B. had better to
C. would rather not D. might as well
41. The young man is the CEO of the company, in other words, he is the company.
A. in his charge B. under the charge of
C. in the charge of D. in charge of
42. Don’t worry about the present situation in the world; of people prefer peace
to war.
A. most B. a great deal C. the majority D. the number
43. Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.
A. none B. no one C. neither D. nothing
44. It is useful to be able to predict the extent ______ which a price change will affect supply and demand.
A. from B. with C. to D. for
45. In order to finish this project the two companies need to with each other.
A. cooperate B. control C. compete D. convince
46. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any of what I said.
A. notice B. attention C. observation D. warning
47. The young man _______ to drive us to the station, but we preferred to walk.
A. invited B. accepted C. refused D. offered
48. The boy was too sleepy to be _____ of the danger.
A. apparent B. capable C. aware D. confident
49. The old woman sitting in the corner stood up and ____ a policeman for help.
A. turned to B. turned over C. turned up D. turned down
50. They said they would ______ for the Sahara Desert the following year.
A. set in B. sent for C. set off D. sent off
51. This is a young writer. He has published quite a few good stories in recent years.
A. promised B. powerless C. promising D. precise
52. The government is seriously _______ about the problems involved.
A. impatient B. inquired C. noted D. concerned
53. Considering his contributions, Mr. Smith better treatment than this.
A. values B. deserves C. rewards D. costs
54. The director in our company considers team work important and he tries to_____ with us well.
A. get along B. get together C. get down D. get away
55. The salesman tried to be ________ to the needs of the customer.
A. responsive B. concerned C. respective D. creative
56. Housewives like to shop at that supermarket; its prices are very _________.
A. impractical B. conclusive C. competitive D. impressive
57. The manager is angry because what you have done is _____ her order.
A. occurred to B. on account to C. contrary to D. attached to
58. All the first year students in the hall to attend a lecture on current affairs.
A. exampled B. assembled C. accepted D. resembled
59. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.
A. assure B. survey C. ensure D. suspect
60. After we give you the instructions, you can ______ the news to the public.
A. relieve B. relate C. release D. believe
Part III Cloze(共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
The human body is like a wonderful machine, but the most wonderful machine ever known. The body 61 a whole works 62 a big machine with all its individual parts operating 63 harmony. How does this happen after all?
Let’s start 64 the very beginning. Before you understand the functions of the human body, you will have to know something about 65 structure. The following is a brief account of 66 the human body is built.
Like all living things, the human body is composed 67 very tiny building materials known as 68 . They are microscopic (肉眼看不清的), that is to say, they are 69 to the naked eye. However, they can be seen under a microscope.
Groups of cells 70 the same function combine to form higher units called tissues. They are classfied 71 four main types: 1) the epithelial tissues; 2) the muscular tissues; 3) the connective, or supporting, tissues; and 4) the nervous, or conducting, tissues. Tissues are macroscopic (肉眼看得清的), that is, they are 72 to the unaided eye.
Tissues, in 73 , are grouped together for the same function to form still higher units known as organs. An 74 may be defined as any part of the human body 75 has a particular job to do. Thus, we speak of the 76 as the chief organ of cirulation, the stomach as an organ of digestion, the lungs 77 organs of respiration, etc.
Finally, several organs
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